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北京 |
| 城市旅游介绍 |
| 北京位于华北平原西北边缘,市中心位于北纬39度,东经116度,四周被河北省围着,东南和天津市相接。全市面积一万六千多平方公里,辖12区6县,人口1100余万。北京为暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候,夏季炎热多雨,冬季寒冷干燥,春、秋短促,年平均气温10-12摄氏度。
北京是世界历史文化名城和古都之一。早在七十万年前,北京周口店地区就出现了原始人群部落“北京人”。而北京建城也已有两千多年的历史,最初见于记载的名字为“蓟”。公元前1045年北京成为蓟、燕等诸侯国的都城;公元前221年秦始皇统一中国以来,北京一直是中国北方重镇和地方中心;自公元938年以来,北京又先后成为辽陪都、金上都、元大都、明清国都。1949年10月1日正式定为中华人民共和国首都。
北京具有丰富的旅游资源,对外开放的旅游景点达200多处,有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园,还有八达岭、慕田峪、司马台长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等各胜古迹。全市共有文物古迹7309项,其中国家文物保护单位42个,市级文物保护单位222个。北京的市树为国槐和侧柏,市花为月季和菊花。另外,北京出产的象牙雕刻、玉器雕刻、景泰蓝、地毯等传统手工艺品驰誉世界。 |
| 城市气候背景分析 |
| 3月下旬到4月上旬,是北京的春季,从常年来看,平均气温为7.9~11.6℃。春季冷暖空气活动频繁,北京在这段时间遇有冷空气来临时最低温度会到达-2~-4℃;天气回暖时最高温度会到21~23℃,所以特别要注意随着天气变化增减衣服。这段时间北京空气比较干燥,相对湿度在20~40%,下雨天少,雨量也很小,降雨日为1~2天,旬降水量为4.3~4.1毫米。北京春季经常会出现3~4级的风,有时会影响空气质量。8月上旬,从常年来看,北京市的平均气温为25.8℃,虽然8月7日已是立秋节气,偶尔还会出现35℃的高温天气,一般在晴天和少云天气时最高气温为33~35℃,阴雨天时为28~30℃,这段时间气温还是比较高,可穿短袖服装,晴天时也要注意防晒。8月上旬北京还是处在雨季,从常年来看,降雨日为5天左右,其中3天为大到暴雨,旬平均降水量为71.1毫米,所以外出活动要特别注意防雨。通常风力不大,一般为1~2级。 |
| URBAN CLIMATE |
| The mean temperature of Beijing between the 3rd decade of March to the 1st decade of April is 7.9-11.6℃. But this time is marked by frequent activities of cold air that may cause minimum temperature of –2 to –4℃. The maximum temperature can reach as high as 21-23℃ during warming. Therefore, we have to be dressed properly according to air temperature. In this period, besides, it is drier and the relative humidity ranges from 20-40%, with a small number of rainy days (generally 1-2 days) and ten-day mean rainfall of 4 mm. Winds occur quite often, reaching force 3-4, sometimes accompanied by floating dust.The daily mean temperature of Beijing in the 1st decade of April is 25.8℃. Although August 7 is the beginning of autumn, sometimes the temperature can reach as high as 33 – 35℃, or 28 – 30℃ in cloudy weather. In this period, besides, it is hot and we could wear shorts, T-shirts or other summer clothing. We also should do the sun protection. Beijing is in the rainy season, with a small number of rainy days (generally 5 days) and ten-day mean rainfall of 71.1 mm, so we could take umbrella. The wind is normally at the level of force 1-2. |
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